Paper receptacle.



"H11. HOUSEQ PAPER REC-EPTACLE.

, APPL'ICATION FILED MAY 8. I915.

Patented June 12, 1917 WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY A. HOUSE, OF BBIDGEPOBT, GOII'NEO'I'IGU'I.

PAPER BECEP'IAGLE.

' To all whom it may concern:

the receptacles.

Be it known that I, HENRY A. House, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, and a residentof Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield andState of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Paper Receptacles, of which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention relates to improvements in and relating to paperreceptacles, and has for its object to provide a receptacle of thischaracter which is substantial, durable, and

ofa stiffness commensurate with the resembling and manipulatin is saved,and to these advantages are adde the efiicient simplicity and beauty offinish in favor of the onepiece cup. But in the making of a one pieceplaited cup heretofore, paraiiin has been used for strengthening thesame, and in some cases for cementing the folds together, and in othercases also for providing a beaded rim of paraflin which served tostrengthen the lip portion of the cup.

By the invention, the use of adhesive or water-proof substances, such asparailin and the like, usually employed in the construction of somecups, may 'be obviated. Objection has been heretofore made by persons towhom parafiin is distasteful, and by others who believed that itaffected the contents in Also, in the use of some plarafiined drinkingcups, the tongue and 'ps of the user coming in contact with the paraflinwas thought by some to destroy the pleasurable efl'ects of the usethereof, and in some cases, even pieces'of parafiin broke ofi from thecup by the pressure applied by the teeth and lips of the user.

A further disadvantage of some of the plaited cups used heretofore wasthat due to inaccuracies in plaiting sometimes occurrin places ofweakness in the lip resulted, so t at by'the pressure applied during theuse of the cup, a kinking at the lip resulted, and a collapsing of thecup followed.

A disadvantage of some of the one piece Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 12, 1917.

tical seam thereo Underlying all these features, at all times.

is the ob ect to provide a receptacle which is sim la in constructionand inexpensive to manu acture.

With these and other objects in view, m invention is shown in theaccompan ing drawings, and. will be hereinafter more ully described andfinally pointed out in, the claims.

I have heretofore filed an application for Letters Patent on April 30,1911 now pending, and also have obtained Letters Patent No. 1,117,848 onNovember 17, 1914, for a drinking vessel.

In the drawings, in which I have shown a receptacle adapted for drinkingpurposes,

Figure 1 shows a cup formed from a single piece or disk of paper andplaited and molded to cup form as shown.

Fig. 2 -is a side elevation of my improved cup in completed form withthe lip upset and compressed to form a rim, and formed from the cupblank shown in Fig. 1, i

Fig. 3 is a perspective view thereof, showing the circumferential rim,

Fig. 4L is a sectional view of a portion of the same, showing varioussuperposed layers at the lip before upsetting of the same to form therim, and this view would corre- V spond to any vertical section ofFig.1,

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view of a portion of the rim of the cupafter upsetting and pinching and compression,

Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged detail sectional view of 5,'showing onemethod of form- 1 ing the rim,

Fig. 7 is an enlarged side view of the cup showing a portion of the rimof the cup,

Fig. 8 is a perspective-view of a form of rim upset substantially likeFig. 5, but additionally compressed to present a beaded smooth contour,

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a portion of a cup formed of twounparaflineddisks and an intermediate parafiined disk; Fig. 10- is apart of the" blank or disk, showing the serrated edges used in somecups, and r 11 is a sectional view of a form of rim upset in parallelstrata, and then com pressed under heat and. great pressure, and showinga bell-like flare instead of the conof Figs. 1 and 2.

responding parts throughout the several views.

Referying to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1 thereof .acup 10 s formed from a disk or blank of paper, and having the sidesthereof turned upwardly from the base 11. substantially perpendicularlythereto. The bottom or base -11 is ndented or dished, having a. wall 11"and slopin parts 11. The bottom is dlshed inwarly as indicated, thedished portion orannulus serving togreatly strengthen and brace not onlythe. bottom, but also the side walls -of the vessel, renderi the samemore stifi. The sides are formed mtoplaits 12, the said .plaits' beingtapered from the lip 13 toward the base, anddisappearing at the base,thereby providing three folds sub stantially continuously around the hpof the cup and of a thickness of three sheets of paper. In casetwo disksare superposed and used, of courseja thickness of SIX sheets of paperresult's. The cilp after having been plaited either-by hand or bymachmery, 1s molded to the desired shape, which may be straight, orcurved, or in the form of an ogee curve, a form of which isshown in mycopending application and in my Letters Patent No. 1,117,848.

This molding is carried out whlle the paper of the cup is somewhatmoist. The

i sidewalls and bottom form a corner curve at their. contacting point.The molding pressure 1s exerted'also against the layers or thicknessesof the plaits so as to compress them uniformly and equally from, top tobottom to the shape thereof, the said thick-- nesses being compressedagainst each other uniformly and equally from top .to bottom, and along.a line perpendicular to the said thicknesses of paper. One way ofmoistening the paper is to have the roll of paper in a casing wherein apan of: water is placed.

Someof the evaporated water is absorbed by the paper. Then thismoistened paper, after having been plaited, is subjected to heat andmolding pressure, and by reason of the sizing contained in the paper isrenderedadherent. This molding takes place while the cup is still.warmand thus also slightly moist, andwhile the gluten or sizing of the'paper isvthus rendered adherent, an

by'the pressure exerted the cup is shaped, and all the parts, includingall the ,plaited parts thereof, are forced tightly together. Thepres'sureapplied, in some cases, is extreme, that is, thirtythou'sandpounds, and as much as the paper stand without rupture while inthe forming dies.

,S imultaneously therewith, or later ifdesired, a special treatment isgiven by suitable dies to the lip of the cup by upsetting, by pinching,by pressure and by compression under heat and moisture. The action ofthese dies causesthe paper forming the and serve to form a compact mass.

or lip of the cup to be upset on iiself in some cases, as shown in Fig.2, and to give paraflin bath when such is desired. But in the cup shownin Fig. 1, extreme pressure is used, that is, the pressure is so greatthat the particles or molecules of paper. are molded and compactlycompressed against each other under heat, moisture, and ressure. The lipis then given,as. state an additional upsetting action, to -form'the'cup of Fig. 2, and as a consequence of all this,

no such paraflin bath or other paraflin coating is necessary.

n the case of a cup having a plurality'of layersat the lip, the outerlayer 140i double paper, with an extension like the extension 60, beyondthe lip portion, is brought by upsetting, into the shape of an S, as at1-5, the lower portion thereof interlocking with the middle layer ofpaper 16, and the middle layerof paper interlocking with the inner layer17, as'clearly shown in Fig. '3. This is. also shown in enlarged view inFig. 6. In this form,vpressure is exerted on the inner and outer sidesof the rim at the points 18 and '19, as indicated by arrow points, and

downward pressure is-exerted at the upper edge of the rim, as indicatedby the arrow 20, thereby forminga continuous binding rimcircumferentially around the lip of the cup, which causes the plaits' tointerlock with each other. by the pressures exerted during the warm andmoistened condition and sizing of the paper. These parts "form, when,finished, a continuous bead or cord like structure 25 and'26,circumferentially around the upper edge of the cup as. shown in-Figs. 3and 5.

By employingsuitably shaped I dies and" suflicient well-directedpressure,- a. smooth,

continuous rim 21, such as shown in Fig. 8,

is obtained by upsetting and compact compression under the condition"described, ac cordmg to my invention, whichsmooth rim corners,crevices, or roughness y In Fig. 10, a-serrated edge is shown withserrations 32, which on the upsetting of the lip serve to give astrongrim as aresult of the compacted material. By the tongue; and

has the added advantage of presentingno groove fittings of theserrations of. two or more layers or disks, the said serrations give aclose knitting together of the edges and of the cup against each other.This band or zone, specially treated and intensely compressed and upsetand compactly solidified under heat and moisture and pressure, resultsin a strong external pressure resisting part of the cup, whichstrengthens the entire cup, and much resembles glass in smoothness offinish and in resisting quality.

A paper on having an upset, or pinched, or compresse tion, may be formedon either a plaited cup as shown in Fig. 1, or a plain unplaited cup asin Fig. 8, which may be of the two piece construction, and in the caseof such two piece cups, where one piece is held together at one scam,the improved rim strengthening serves to lock together the seam and makea pressure resisting cup. My rim is also applicable to equivalent onepiece cups with respectto the present invention made under my crimpedpaper invention, Serial Number 774,768, filed by me on June 20th, 1913,and Fig. 8 is typical of such non-plaited cups. The walls of the vessel,of the embodiment shown-, are plaited, as stated, each plait aduallyincreasing in width from the ower end to its upper end or from thebottom of the vessel to the upper part. These plaits are made ofconsiderable number so as to distribute the reinforcing which theyprovide uniformly around the vessel. The plaits will more or less coverthe surface of the vessel, and thereby reinforce the same, as alsoprovide vertical ribs of several thicknesses of material, which act bythemselves to give a strengthening power to the vessel. The ribs areinclined to the vertical axis of the cup in some cases, that is to say,the tops of the'ribs or plaits are vertically at one side outward of the.bottom of the plait. This constructionprovides resistance to torsionalor horizontal stress, and increases the strength of the cup. It has alsothe advanta e that when one such vessel is placed wit in another, withthe plaits or ribs oppositely inclined, one of said vessels serves as alining attached to the other, the direction 0 greatest resistance of oneset of plaits being opposed to that of the other, and the combinedstructure, by reason of each set of plaits resisting the other, istherefore rendered resistant to a twisting strem in both directions.These features are attendant on the straight line cup, the straight linewith the flare atits upper end, and the ogee line 011E.

In t e case of the ogee. or reverse curve cup, the lower curve causesthe strain by the thrust of the liquid contained in the vessel to beresisted, in-that the force is and the bulgequall taken up by thiscurve, ing 0 the vessel is thereby preven being stratified in superposedtransverse layers longitudinally compressed rim, according to my inven-'trees and the like, an

the use of the upper curve, the material of which the vessel is made isgiven a stifiness, whereby a collapsing of the vessel is-prevented. Theintermediate part between the curves serves to strengthen the action ofboth, and in this connection the lower curve serves also to resistinward pressure by the use of the cup. ,Thus, upper curves, thenecessary stiffness is given to the vessel to withstand the stresses towhich it is subjected, and the curves and straight line portioncoii'perate with each other to withstand the total strains to which thevesselis subjected.

With my improved construction, provided which is constructed entirelypaper, and which has the strengthening rim and strengthening zonedescribed. Also, the

a cup is use of such a rim or zone does not require the use "of anyforeign substances, such as parafiin and the like, for strengtheningpurposes, or for binding purposes for causing the plaits to adheretoeach other, in the case of plaited cups. The intense pressure emploed, and compact compression of the mo ecules with the inherent sizing ofthe paper under heat and moisture, brings about so compact a cup that itholds li uids without s ecial waterproofing, as eretofore. There ore mycup possesses many advantages over such cups employing these expedients,and at the same time provides a cup which may be more quickly and simplymanufactured, and which will be less ex than such cups heretofore in'use. y the beaded rim obtained by upsetting the lip, any inequalitiesotherwise present are avoided, and the smooth and rounded edge ives apleasing sensation during use.

While I have described my invention with reference to a cup, it will beunderstood that the same may be used for receptacles or containers forholdin candies, cakes, en-

other such uses, as also paper caps for bottles, as will become obviousfrom the resent disclosure.

Also, the outsi disk or layer may be made, fancy or colored. In Fig. 9,I have shown a part of a cup composed of two layers 29 and 30 ofunparaflined paper, and one layer 31 of paraffined paper intermediatethereto, with all three upset on and interlocked and compressed to forma rim. Also, a diskor layer of paraffin may be molded and interposedbetween two unparaffined cups, for waterproofin' and the lips pinchedtogetheiz, The para n is thus not seen or tasted by the user, greatadvantage.

Thus, my im roved cup enables the use of paraflin to be dispensed with,and still a cup of strengthand efficiency is obtained. If in addition,it is desired to useparaifin, as by some this is consideredadvantageous,

e, inside, or intermediate which is a s by the lower and ensive tothemselves and pinched then the cups as described herein are immersed ina paraflin bath course, if desired, beaded cups then having ent therein.

The mechanism ticle of manufacture is no part of this application, andbox plaits may also be used. The cups as described form a ractical,cheap, attractive, and'sanitary dri ing vessel, and are especiallyadapted to be used in public places, and by with paraflin, such all theadvantages inherhospitals, schools, and reason of their structure andrigidity, they are enabled to retain water or other liquid for hours,making them especially adapted beyond their casual use, for use bydoctors and dentists.

I have illustrated and described a preferred and satisfactory form of myinvention, but it is obvious that changes may be made therein within thespirit and scope thereof, as defined in the appended claims.-

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. A paper receptacle having its bottom, sidewall, andlip integral, and its sidewall and lip plaited to form sections of alurality of thicknesses of paper pressed mt-o permanent plaits ta eringfrom the top toward the bottom 0 the sidewall with the edge of the lipformed bythe widest part of the plaited sections, and the lip compressedupon itself for permanently holding the plaits of the sidewall at thelip portion thereof, the lip being in unbroken continuity with thesidewall, and circumferentially plaited transversely to the longitudinalplaits of the sidewall. 2. A paper receptacle having its bottom,sidewall, and lip integral, and its sidewall and lip plaited to formsections of a plurality of thicknesses of paper pressed into permanentplaits, tapering from the top toward the bottom of the sidewall, withthe widest part at the edge of the lip, the sideor coated, and, of

used for'forming the ar-.

I pressed rim,

perpendicular to the lug upset on itself wall being substantiall bottom,and the lip near the upper ed of the lip, to form in? terlockin'g plaitsor holding the plaits together at the lip and thereby preventing theopening of the plaits of the sidewall, the edge of the lip having thesame number of thicknesses as the thicknesses of the sidewall, and theupset part having a greater number of thicknesses.

3. A receptacle of the character described, formed of a paper diskhaving a serrated edge, the side walls of said cup consisting ofcompressed plaits forming a substantial. continuous lip of a pluralityof thicknesses of paper, said cup having an upset comthe plaits of thesaid rim inter looking with the plaits of the said side wall,

the said plaits being caused to adhere by the inherent sizing ofthepaper.

4. A receptacle of the character described, formed from a plurality ofsuperposed layers of unparalfined paper, and an intermediate layer ofparaifined paper, the side walls of said cup consisting of compressed.plaits, the said cup having an upset and compressed rim, the plaits ofthe said unparafiined layers of paper being caused to adhere by theinherent sizing of the said, paper.

5. A aper, receptacle, having a bottom, and a sldewall substantiallyperpendicular to the bottom and 'having a lip upset on itself near theupper edge of the sidewall to form a circumferential plait transverselyto the sidewall and substantially in line therewith, and the thicknessof the edge of the lip and sidewall being less than the upset portion.

In testimony, that 'I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signedmy name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY A. HOUSE.

Witnesses:

GEO. D. PHILLIPS, FRANK B. JAYNEB.

